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Steam distillation was also used by the Persian philosopher and physician Avicenna (980–1037) to produce essential oils by adding water to rose petals and distilling the mixture. [6] The process was also used by al-Dimashqi (1256–1327) to produce rose water on a large scale.
The remaining waxy mass is known as a concrete, which is a mixture of essential oil, waxes, resins, and other lipophilic (oil-soluble) plant material, since these solvents effectively remove all hydrophobic compounds in the raw material. The solvent is then removed by a lower temperature distillation process and reclaimed for re-use.
Florentine flask Florentine flask. A florentine flask, also known as florentine receiver, florentine separator or essencier (from the French), other shapes called florentine vase or florentine vessel, is an oil–water separator fed with condensed vapors of a steam distillation in a fragrance extraction process.
An essential oil is a concentrated ... Essential oils are generally extracted by distillation, ... so care must be taken in choosing the correct handling equipment ...
Steam distillation of various aromatic herbs and flowers can result in two products: an essential oil as well as a watery herbal distillate. The essential oils are often used in perfumery and aromatherapy while the watery distillates have many applications in aromatherapy, food processing and skin care. Dimethyl sulfoxide usually boils at 189 °C.
For this reason, the term essential water is an apt description. In the past, these essential waters were often considered a byproduct of distillation, but are now considered an important co-product. [8] The produced herbal waters are essentially diluted essential oils at less than 1% concentration (typically 0.02% to 0.05%). [9]
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