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Every year the plans were updated and increased in complexity. Each country stockpiled arms and supplies for an army that ran into the millions. Germany in 1874 had a regular professional army of 420,000, with an additional 1.3 million reserves. By 1897, the regular German army was 545,000 strong and the reserves 3.4 million.
Out of a population of 65 million, Germany suffered 1.7 million military deaths and 430,000 civilian deaths due to wartime causes (especially the food blockade), plus about 17,000 killed in Africa and the other overseas colonies. [41] The Allied blockade continued until July 1919, causing severe additional hardships. [42]
In a hearing before the Committee on Inquiry of the National Assembly on November 18, 1919, a year after the war's end, Hindenburg declared, "As an English general has very truly said, the German Army was 'stabbed in the back'." [58]
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
The end of World War I became official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. [91] It was the largest war ever fought until World War II 21 years later, with 40 million recorded military and civilian casualties including 9 to 15 million combat deaths. [92]
Liberia declares war on Germany. August 6–20 Balkan: Battle of Mărăşeşti. August 8–22 Balkan: Third Battle of Oituz. August 14 Politics: China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. [73] [24] August 15–25 Western: Battle of Hill 70 (Continuation of British operations near Lens). August 16–18 Western
German reunification: Five East German states acceded to West Germany. Berlin became the capital of Germany. 1992: 7 February: The Maastricht Treaty establishing the European Union (EU) was signed by twelve European countries including Germany. 1993: 14 May: Alliance '90/The Greens was established from the merger of Alliance 90 and the Green ...
Foodstuffs imports into Germany were controlled by the Allies after the Armistice with Germany until Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919. [22] In March 1919, Churchill informed the House of Commons, that the ongoing blockade was a success and "Germany is very near starvation."