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Corporatocracy [a] or corpocracy is an economic, political and judicial system controlled or influenced by business corporations or corporate interests. [ 1 ] The concept has been used in explanations of bank bailouts , excessive pay for CEOs , and the exploitation of national treasuries, people, and natural resources . [ 2 ]
Corporatism is a political system of interest representation and policymaking whereby corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guild associations, come together and negotiate contracts or policy (collective bargaining) on the basis of their common interests.
A corporate group is composed of companies. The general rule is that a company is a separate legal entity from its shareholders, that is the shareholder's liability for the subsidiary's debts is limited to the value of the shares, [4] and the shareholders cannot be required to perform the company's obligations.
Whilst the term company or business law is colloquially used interchangeably with corporate law, the term business law mostly refers to wider concepts of commercial law, that is the law relating to commercial and business related purposes and activities.
In most countries, corporate names include a term or an abbreviation that denotes the corporate status of the entity (for example, "Incorporated" or "Inc." in the United States) or the limited liability of its members (for example, "Limited", "Ltd.", or "LLC").
The latter include the structural definition from the Cadbury Report, which identifies corporate governance as "the system by which companies are directed and controlled" (Cadbury 1992, p. 15); and the relational-structural view adopted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development of "Corporate governance involves a set of ...
In economics, the business sector or corporate sector - sometimes popularly called simply "business" - is "the part of the economy made up by companies". [1] [need quotation to verify] [2] It is a subset of the domestic economy, [3] excluding the economic activities of general government, private households, and non-profit organizations serving individuals. [4]
A key purpose of corporatization is externalization. [1] The effect of corporatization has been to convert state departments (or municipal services) into public companies and interpose commercial boards of directors between the shareholding ministers / city council and the management of the enterprises. [5]