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However, once the solution is obtained, the final direction of motion is determined to contradict the assumed direction of the friction force, leading to a paradox. [ 1 ] This result is due to a number of discontinuities in the behavior of rigid bodies and the discontinuities inherent in the Coulomb friction law, especially when dealing with ...
Any force smaller than attempting to slide one surface over the other is opposed by a frictional force of equal magnitude and opposite direction. Any force larger than overcomes the force of static friction and causes sliding to occur. The instant sliding occurs, static friction is no longer applicable—the friction between the two surfaces is ...
In physics, the line of action (also called line of application) of a force (F →) is a geometric representation of how the force is applied. It is the straight line through the point at which the force is applied, and is in the same direction as the vector F →. [1] [2] The lever arm is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to ...
The force of friction is independent of the apparent area of contact. (Amontons' 2nd law) Kinetic friction is independent of the sliding velocity. (Coulomb's law) The first and second laws, which were founded by Amontons, and the third law, which was founded by Coulomb later, are called the Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction.
Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. [1] [2] A central distinction in contact mechanics is between stresses acting perpendicular to the contacting bodies' surfaces (known as normal stress) and frictional stresses acting tangentially between the surfaces (shear stress).
Creeping flow past a falling sphere in a fluid (e.g., a droplet of fog falling through the air): streamlines, drag force F d and force by gravity F g. At terminal (or settling) velocity , the excess force F e due to the difference between the weight and buoyancy of the sphere (both caused by gravity [ 7 ] ) is given by:
Line-of-sight propagation, electro-magnetic waves travelling in a straight line Non-line-of-sight propagation; Line-of-sight velocity, an object's speed straight towards or away from an observer; Line-of-sight double star, one in which two stars are only coincidentally close together as seen from Earth; Beyond visual line of sight
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion.It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. [1]