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[2] [3] [4] The dike rock is usually more resistant to weathering than the surrounding rock, so that erosion exposes the dike as a natural wall or ridge. [3] It is from these natural walls that dikes get their name. [5] Dikes preserve a record of the fissures through which most mafic magma (fluid magma low in silica) reaches the surface. [4]
Detritus (/ d ə ˈ t r aɪ t ə s /; adj. detrital / d ə ˈ t r aɪ t əl /) is particles of rock derived from pre-existing rock through weathering and erosion. [1] A fragment of detritus is called a clast. [2] Detrital particles can consist of lithic fragments (particles of recognisable rock
Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited. Erosion is distinct from weathering which involves no movement.
Understanding the principle of isostasy is a key element to understanding the interactions and feedbacks shared between erosion and tectonics. The principle of isostasy states that when free to move vertically, lithosphere floats at an appropriate level in the asthenosphere so that the pressure at a depth of compensation in the asthenosphere well below the base of the lithosphere is the same. [3]
A clast is a fragment of geological detritus, [1] chunks, and smaller grains of rock broken off other rocks by physical weathering. [2] Geologists use the term clastic to refer to sedimentary rocks and particles in sediment transport , whether in suspension or as bed load , and in sediment deposits.
Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for "other" sedimentary rocks formed by impacts, volcanism, and other minor processes.
Mineral alteration is distinctly different than the rock alteration process metamorphism. It also differs from weathering. However, these processes assist in mineral alteration. Some minerals are members of a solid solution series and are samples of a range of compositional changes in a continuum, and thus are not 'mineral alteration' products.
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.