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Semi-deponent verbs form their imperfective aspect tenses in the manner of ordinary active verbs; but their perfect tenses are built periphrastically like deponents and ordinary passives; thus, semi-deponent verbs have a perfect active participle instead of a perfect passive participle. An example: audeō, audēre, ausus sum – to dare, venture
The perfect indicative active tense is the third principal part given in Latin dictionaries. In most verbs it uses a different stem from the present tense; for example, the perfect tense of dūcō 'I lead' is dūxī 'I led'. 1st conjugation: amāvī (-ī, -istī, -it, -imus, -istis, -ērunt/-ēre) 2nd conjugation: vīdī; 3rd conjugation (-ō ...
Latin verbs have six basic tenses in the indicative mood. Three of these are based on the present stem (e.g. dūc-) and three on the perfect stem (e.g. dūx-). In addition, there are four tenses in the subjunctive mood, and two in the imperative.
The perfect passive is usually made with the perfect participle combined with sum, e.g. missus sum 'I was sent, I have been sent', ductus sum 'I was led, I have been led'. Some perfect tenses have an irregular stem, for example sum, fuī 'I am', eō, īvī 'I go', ferō, tulī 'I bring, I bear', tollō, sustulī 'I raise, I remove'.
The future perfect indicative became a future subjunctive in Old Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician. The Latin imperfect subjunctive underwent a change in syntactic status, becoming a personal infinitive in Portuguese and Galician. [1] An alternative hypothesis traces the personal infinitive back to the Latin infinitive, not to a conjugated verb ...
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]
In Latin, the pluperfect (plus quam perfectum) is formed without an auxiliary verb in the active voice, and with an auxiliary verb plus the perfect passive participle in the passive voice. For example, in the indicative mood: Pecuniam mercatori dederat. ("He had given money to the merchant"; active) Pecunia mercatori datus erat.
Completions and adaptions: The paradigms 'imperative indirect active', 'imperative indirect passive', 'supine genitive', 'supine dative' are not present in this dictionary because they are rare in the Classical Period, however they are accounted for in Grammar books and articles. The paradigms for 'supine accusative' and 'supine ablative' are ...