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Vigilante is an insecticide used with both dairy and beef cattle to reduce the number of flies in an agricultural area. It is usually formatted as a 50-gram bolus containing 9.7% diflubenzuron, [1] an insect growth regulator which inhibits the formation of chitin and prevents insects from reproducing. [2]
Feeding by adult flies may cause irritation through acute stress from painful bites, resulting in loss of grazing time and reduced gain in weight. [6] Feeding by adult flies on the blood of their hosts exposes the hosts to pathogenic organisms that are infecting the fly, this can lead to acute disease of the host's blood and other organs.
The house-fly, Musca domestica Linn. : its structure, habits, development, relation to disease and control by C. Gordon Hewitt (1914) How to control house and stable flies without using pesticides. Agriculture Information Bulletin Number 673 Archived 28 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine; House fly on the UF/IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
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The second control method is treatment once the infestation is present, and concerns the infected animals (including humans). [citation needed] The principal control method of adult populations of myiasis-inducing flies involves insecticide applications in the environment where the target livestock is kept.
On cattle and horses, they feed on secretions around the eyes, mouth and nostrils. The adult flies will also feed on the hosts' blood through wounds such as horse-fly bites. A larger proportion of face flies on the host will be females, as they have a higher need for protein provided by animal hosts. At night, both sexes will rest on vegetation.
Composting techniques must allow for the entire mass to reach temperatures that will kill insect eggs (e.g. the Berkley method). [4] Rotating hens three days behind cattle is an effective method in reducing horn fly populations by scratching apart their habitat as they eat the horn fly larvae. The horn fly eggs take 1 to 2 days to hatch. [5]
Cattle drenches can be applied through a solution poured on the back, throat or an injection. [1] [2] Cattle drenches are predominately necessary for young cattle with weaker immune systems that are susceptible to parasite infestation. [1] Drenching is a common method for controlling parasites in the meat and dairy industries. [1]
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