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A determiner combines with a noun to express its reference. [1] [2] Examples in English include articles (the and a), demonstratives (this, that), possessive determiners (my, their), and quantifiers (many, both). Not all languages have determiners, and not all systems of grammatical description recognize them as a distinct category.
For example, the determiners each, enough, less, and more can function as post-head modifiers of noun phrases, as in the determiner phrase each in two seats each. [ 7 ] : 132 Enough can fill the same role in adjective phrases (e.g., clear enough ) and in adverb phrases (e.g., funnily enough ).
The position of the determiner, in contrast, is fixed; it has to introduce the phrase, e.g. *friendly an old dog, *old friendly a dog, etc. The fact that the determiner's position at the left-most periphery of the phrase is set is taken as an indication that it is the head of the phrase.
In formal semantics, a generalized quantifier (GQ) is an expression that denotes a set of sets. This is the standard semantics assigned to quantified noun phrases . For example, the generalized quantifier every boy denotes the set of sets of which every boy is a member: { X ∣ ∀ x ( x is a boy → x ∈ X ) } {\displaystyle \{X\mid \forall x ...
In the first example, the notion denotes the set of "three men" is a subset of "those men". The second example has an overt noun inserted between the quantifier and the partitive PP and is still considered grammatical, albeit odd and redundant to a native speaker of Catalan. The third sentence has an empty noun holding the final noun position.
Some theories of grammar use the word "numeral" to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner that specify the quantity of a noun, for example the "two" in "two hats". Some theories of grammar do not include determiners as a part of speech and consider "two" in this example to be an adjective.
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In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula. For instance, the universal quantifier ∀ {\displaystyle \forall } in the first order formula ∀ x P ( x ) {\displaystyle \forall xP(x)} expresses that everything in the domain satisfies the property denoted by P ...