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A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes. [1] Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins , carbohydrates , lipids , and nucleic acids , as well as small molecules such as vitamins and hormones.
For substances with an A- or α- prefix such as α-amylase, please see the parent page (in this case Amylase). A23187 (Calcimycin, Calcium Ionophore); Abamectine; Abietic acid
Molecular biology / m ə ˈ l ɛ k j ʊ l ər / is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
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In addition to biomolecules, eukaryotic cells have specialized structures called organelles that have their own lipid bilayers or are spatially units. [47] These organelles include the cell nucleus , which contains most of the cell's DNA, or mitochondria , which generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to power cellular processes.
Enzymes (/ ˈ ɛ n z aɪ m z /) are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.
The term biometal can be used as a synonym to a metallic element that is involved in the function of a biomolecule, [16] hence also artificial systems can be considered when talking about biometals. Systems such as metalloproteins , metallopeptides and artificial metalloenzymes are examples of biomolecules containing metallic elements.
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.The structure of these molecules may be considered at any of several length scales ranging from the level of individual atoms to the relationships among entire protein subunits.