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Extatosoma tiaratum, commonly known as the spiny leaf insect, the giant prickly stick insect, [2] Macleay's spectre, [3] or the Australian walking stick, is a large species of Australian stick insect. [4] [5] The species has the Phasmid Study Group number PSG9. [6]
Eurycantha calcarata typically reproduce through sexual reproduction and produce eggs that hatch 4.5-6.5 months later. When no males are present in the population, this stick insect exhibits parthenogenesis instead. Eggs are typically 8.2 mm in length and 4 mm wide, with a somewhat cylindrical shape.
An interesting character is that the eggs of Spinotectarchus acornutus are covered in short spines giving it a hairy appearance. This trait is also shared with Asteliaphasma, another genus of endemic stick insects. However, these stick insects can be distinguished by other traits such as the morphology of their genitalia. [1]
The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida or Phasmatoptera) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick bugs, walkingsticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as Devil's darning needles , although this name is shared by both dragonflies and crane flies. [ 1 ]
The eggs of stick insects (Phasmida): a review with descriptions of the eggs of eleven species. Syst. Ent. 1: 95–105. Hughes, L., 1996. When an Insect is more like a Plant. Nature Australia, 25(4): 30–38; Gray, G.R. (1833). The Entomology of Australia in a Series of Monographs. Part 1. The monograph of the genus Phasma. London: Longman & Co ...
The behaviour of this stick insect is highly unusual for an insect species, in that the males and females form a bond in some pairs. [4] The females lay eggs while hanging from branches. Hatching can happen up to nine months later. The nymphs are first bright green and active during the day, but as they mature, they turn black and become nocturnal.
Stick insects in New Zealand are found in a range of different environments, from cold high alpine areas to dry coastal bush. There are currently 23 different species described, from 10 genera (Landcare Research). The most common species of the stick insect in New Zealand is the smooth stick insect (Clitarchus hookeri) (Salmon 1991).
The stick insect life cycle is hemimetabolous, proceeding through a series of nymphal stages. Breeding takes place in late summer after the nymph has moulted for the last time and become an adult. Egg-laying takes place about a week after mating and the eggs, measuring 2.5 mm (0.1 in) across, are dropped singly to the forest floor. [3]