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Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of harmful fumes (produced as by-products of combusting substances) through the respiratory tract. [1] This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by chemical and/or heat exposure, as well as possible systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation.
British Rail Class 55 Deltic diesel locomotive with their characteristic dense exhaust when starting a train. Diesel exhaust is the exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine, plus any contained particulates. Its composition may vary with the fuel type, rate of consumption or speed of engine operation (e.g., idling or at speed or under load), and ...
Accidental inhalation of hydrocarbon fuels can occur during fire breathing, fire eating, or other fire performance, and may lead to pneumonitis. Symptoms can vary significantly among individuals, ranging from asymptomatic to a severe, life-threatening disease. [2] Onset usually occurs within hours, though symptoms may not appear for several days.
What are the warning signs and symptoms of toxic fume exposure? According to experts, the most common signal that a toxic fume event is occurring is a bad smell coming from the plane’s air vents.
Diesel exhaust causes lung cancer and other diseases such as asthma, and many premature deaths. [9] [10] [11] Methods exist to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x) and particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust. Some countries have set a date to stop selling diesel vehicles, and some city centres will ban diesel cars. [12]
Aristotle (384–322 BC) first recorded that burning coals produced toxic fumes. Greek physician Galen (129–199 AD) speculated that there was a change in the composition of the air that caused harm when inhaled, and symptoms of CO poisoning appeared in Cassius Iatrosophista's Quaestiones Medicae et Problemata Naturalia circa 130 AD. [9]
Depending on the type and amount of irritant gas inhaled, victims can experience symptoms ranging from minor respiratory discomfort to acute airway and lung injury and even death. A common response cascade to a variety of irritant gases includes inflammation , edema and epithelial sloughing , which if left untreated can result in scar formation ...
The patient is usually ill-appearing and presents with hypoxemia coupled with shallow rapid breathing. Therapy is supportive and includes removal from further nitrogen dioxide exposure. Systemic symptoms include fever and anorexia. Electrocardiography and chest radiography can help in revealing diffuse, bilateral alveolar infiltrates.