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HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is an obsolete Internet security mechanism delivered via an HTTP header which allows HTTPS websites to resist impersonation by attackers using misissued or otherwise fraudulent digital certificates. [1]
Early versions of HTTP 1.0 did have some security weaknesses relating to session hijacking, but they were difficult to exploit due to the vagaries of most early HTTP 1.0 servers and browsers. As HTTP 1.0 has been designated as a fallback for HTTP 1.1 since the early 2000s—and as HTTP 1.0 servers are all essentially HTTP 1.1 servers the ...
IP address spoofing is most frequently used in denial-of-service attacks, [2] where the objective is to flood the target with an overwhelming volume of traffic, and the attacker does not care about receiving responses to the attack packets. Packets with spoofed IP addresses are more difficult to filter since each spoofed packet appears to come ...
A cyber countermeasure is defined as an action, process, technology, device, or system that serves to prevent or mitigate the effects of a cyber attack against a victim, computer, server, network or associated device. [4] Recently there has been an increase in the number of international cyber attacks.
Network eavesdropping, also known as eavesdropping attack, sniffing attack, or snooping attack, is a method that retrieves user information through the internet.This attack happens on electronic devices like computers and smartphones.
An example of an IDN homograph attack; the Latin letters "e" and "a" are replaced with the Cyrillic letters "е" and "а".The internationalized domain name (IDN) homograph attack (sometimes written as homoglyph attack) is a method used by malicious parties to deceive computer users about what remote system they are communicating with, by exploiting the fact that many different characters look ...
Many ISPs register the client's MAC address for service and billing services. [3] Since MAC addresses are unique and hard-coded on network interface controller (NIC) cards, [1] when the client wants to connect a new device or change an existing one, the ISP will detect different MAC addresses and might not grant Internet access to those new devices.
A downgrade attack, also called a bidding-down attack, [1] or version rollback attack, is a form of cryptographic attack on a computer system or communications protocol that makes it abandon a high-quality mode of operation (e.g. an encrypted connection) in favor of an older, lower-quality mode of operation (e.g. cleartext) that is typically provided for backward compatibility with older ...