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The Constitutional Army (Spanish: Ejército constitucional), also known as the Constitutionalist Army (Spanish: Ejército constitucionalista), was the army that fought against the Federal Army, and later, against the Villistas and Zapatistas during the Mexican Revolution.
Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced to ...
The Spanish army was stretched as it fought Napoleon's forces because of a lack of supplies and too many untrained recruits, but at Bailén in June 1808, the Spanish army inflicted the first major defeat suffered by a Napoleonic army; this resulted in the collapse of French power in Spain. Napoleon took personal charge and with fresh forces ...
At 01:14 on 24 February, a speech by Juan Carlos was broadcast on national television, with the king wearing the uniform of the Captain General (Capitán General de los Ejércitos), the highest rank in the Spanish Army, to oppose the coup and its instigators, defend the Spanish Constitution, and disavow the authority of Milans del Bosch. In the ...
Officially designated as División Española de Voluntarios by the Spanish Army and as 250 Infanterie-Division in the German Army, the Blue Division was the only component of the German Army to be awarded a medal of their own, commissioned by Hitler in January 1944 after the Division had demonstrated its effectiveness in impeding the advance of ...
Although signed by Spanish aristocrats and the new monarch, few in Spain recognized this document. With the eruption of the Peninsular War to oust the French invaders. A new Cortes was summoned and met at Cádiz, which included Spanish American and Philippine delegates, and promulgated the Spanish Constitution of 1812.
The Spanish Constitution (Spanish: Constitución Española) [a] is the supreme law of the Kingdom of Spain. It was enacted after its approval in a constitutional referendum; it represents the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. The current version was approved in 1978, three years after the death of dictator Francisco Franco.
To face the between 90,000 and 110,000 French invaders supported by about 35,000 Spanish royalists, the Spanish constitutional army only had about 50,000 men. —although some authors have increased the figure to 130,000, but recognizing that they had a different degree of organization and preparation— [55] which placed it in a position of ...