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Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD or OD) is a joint disorder primarily of the subchondral bone in which cracks form in the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. [1] OCD usually causes pain during and after sports. In later stages of the disorder there will be swelling of the affected joint that catches and locks during movement.
Ulnar tunnel syndrome may be characterized by the location or zone within the Guyon's canal at which the ulnar nerve is compressed. The nerve divides into a superficial sensory branch and a deeper motor branch in this area. Thus, Guyon's canal can be separated into three zones based on which portion of the ulnar nerve are involved.
The subchondral bone volume increases and becomes less mineralized (hypo mineralization). [47] All these changes can cause problems functioning. The pain in an osteoarthritic joint has been related to thickened synovium [48] and to subchondral bone lesions. [49]
In many cases, there is pain and discomfort in a joint which increases over time. It can affect any bone, and for in about half of affected people, multiple sites are damaged. [5] Avascular necrosis most commonly affects the ends of long bones, such as the femur.
The cause is unknown. These were first recognised as a distinct entity in 1910. [12] Jaffe and Lichtenstein provided a detailed discussion of simple bone cysts in 1942. [11] The traumatic bone cyst, also referred to as a simple bone cyst or hemorrhagic cyst, is a pseudocyst that most commonly affects the mandible of young individuals.
Osteochondritis is a painful type of osteochondrosis where the cartilage or bone in a joint is inflamed. [1]It often refers to osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). The term dissecans refers to the "creation of a flap of cartilage that further dissects away from its underlying subchondral attachments (dissecans)".
The cysts may intrude into the spine, which may cause pain and dysesthesia in distant extremities. [ 20 ] Cystic adventitial disease , in which a cyst occurs within the popliteal artery near the knee, has been proposed recently to occur by an articular mechanism, with a conduit leading from the joint, similar to the development of ganglion ...
Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts.