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The first recorded Africans in English America (including most of the future United States) were "20 and odd negroes" who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia via Cape Comfort in August 1619 as indentured servants. [26] As many Virginian settlers began to die from harsh conditions, more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. [27]
From 1787 to 1868, enslaved African Americans were counted in the U.S. census under the Three-fifths Compromise.The compromise was an agreement reached during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention over the counting of slaves in determining a state's total population.
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
Negro denotes 'black' in Spanish and Portuguese, derived from the Latin word niger, meaning 'black', which itself is probably from a Proto-Indo-European root *nekw-, "to be dark", akin to *nokw-, 'night'. [4] [5] Negro was also used for the peoples of West Africa in old maps labelled Negroland, an area stretching along the Niger River.
The combined taxed and non-taxed Native American population in the United States was 339,421 in 1860, 313,712 in 1870, and 306,543 in 1880. [ 20 ] c ^ Data on race from the 2000 and 2010 U.S. censuses are not directly comparable with those from the 1990 census and previous censuses due, in large part, to giving respondents the option to report ...
This list of U.S. cities by black population covers all incorporated cities and Census-designated places with a population over 100,000 and a proportion of black residents over 30% in the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the territory of Puerto Rico and the population in each city that is black or African American.
In the United States, black genocide is a historiographical framework and rhetorical term used to analyze the past and present impact of systemic racism on African Americans by both the United States government and white Americans.
The appointment of Black people to high federal offices—including General Colin Powell, Chairman of the U.S. Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1989–93, United States Secretary of State, 2001–05; Condoleezza Rice, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, 2001–04, Secretary of State in, 2005–09; Ron Brown, United ...