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Involvement of the cervical lymph nodes with metastatic cancer is the single most important prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and may be associated with a halving of survival. Where the cancer has penetrated the capsule of the lymph gland (extracapsular extension) survival may be decreased by a further 50%.
The study of lymphatic drainage of various organs is important in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. The lymphatic system, because of its closeness to many tissues of the body, is responsible for carrying cancerous cells between the various parts of the body in a process called metastasis. The intervening lymph nodes can trap ...
The lymphatic vessels that link the lymph nodes are: The lymphatics of the head, face, neck, and meningeal lymphatic vessels – drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes; The jugular trunk; The subclavian lymph trunk; The thoracic duct; The lymphatics of the upper extremity; The right and left bronchomediastinal lymph trunks; The lymphatics of ...
All lymphatic vessels of the head and neck ultimately drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes - either by way of other lymph nodes or directly from tissues. [4] CNS lymphatic vessels have been found to drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes in a 2016 animal study. [10]
The superior deep cervical lymph nodes are the deep cervical lymph nodes that are situated adjacent to the superior portion of the internal jugular vein. They drain either to the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes or into the jugular trunk. [1] Most of these lymph nodes are situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, though some are not. [1]
The jugulodigastric lymph nodes are large lymph nodes of the neck. ... of the largest lymph nodes in the cervical chain due to their significant lymphatic drainage. [1]
The right lymphatic duct courses along the medial border of the anterior scalene at the root of the neck. The right lymphatic duct forms various combinations with the right subclavian vein and right internal jugular vein. [2] [3] It is approximately 1.25 cm long. [citation needed]
The lymphatic system drains the head and neck of excess interstitial fluid via lymph vessels or capillaries, equally into the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct. Lymph nodes line the cervical spine and neck regions as well as along the face and jaw. The tonsils also are lymphatic tissue and help mediate the ingestion of pathogens.
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