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Other mRNAs also move into dendrites in response to external stimuli, such as β-actin mRNA. [16] For export from the nucleus, actin mRNA associates with ZBP1 [ 17 ] and later with 40S subunit . The complex is bound by a motor protein and is transported to the target location ( neurite extension ) along the cytoskeleton .
[29] [30] Four years later, the successful use of modified nucleosides as a method to transport mRNA inside cells without setting off the body's defense system was reported. [29] [31] Clinical trial results of an mRNA vaccine directly injected into the body against cancer cells were reported in 2008. [32] [33]
It has also been suggested that some mammalian cellular mRNAs also have IRESs, although this has been a matter of dispute. [4] [5] A number of these cellular IRES elements are located within mRNAs encoding proteins involved in stress survival, and other processes critical to survival. As of September 2009, there are 60 animal and 8 plant ...
A normal mRNA starts and ends with sections that do not code for amino acids of the actual protein. These sequences at the 5′ and 3′ ends of an mRNA strand are called untranslated regions (UTRs). The two UTRs at their strand ends are essential for the stability of an mRNA and also of a modRNA as well as for the efficiency of translation, i ...
The IRE is a stem-loop structure within the untranslated regions of mRNAs that encode proteins involved in cellular iron metabolism. The mRNA transcript containing this element is either degraded or stabilized depending upon the binding of specific proteins and the intracellular iron concentrations. [3] Stem-loop structure of an RNA molecule
This has been demonstrated in β-globulin. β-globulin mRNAs containing a nonsense mutation early in the first exon of the gene are more stable than NMD sensitive mRNA molecules. The exact mechanism of detection avoidance is currently not known. It has been suggested that the poly-A binding protein (PABP) appears to play a role in this ...
Simu Liu stepped in as guest host for The Kelly Clarkson Show on Monday, but the Last Breath star claimed he only had a last-minute warning that he was taking over for Kelly Clarkson. "I do have a ...
Overview of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) translation Translation of mRNA and ribosomal protein synthesis Initiation and elongation stages of translation involving RNA nucleobases, the ribosome, transfer RNA, and amino acids The three phases of translation: (1) in initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the RNA strand and the initiator tRNA–amino acid complex binds to the start ...