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2) that many geomorphic systems are best understood in terms of the stochasticity of the processes occurring in them, that is, the probability distributions of event magnitudes and return times. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] This in turn has indicated the importance of chaotic determinism to landscapes, and that landscape properties are best considered ...
Nivation hollow – Geomorphic processes associated with snow patches; Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander; Panhole – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock; Pothole – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed; Plunge pool – Depression at the base of a waterfall
Desert geomorphology or the geomorphology of arid and semi-arid lands shares many landforms and processes with more humid regions. One distinctive feature is the sparse or lacking vegetation cover, which influences fluvial and slope processes, related to wind and salt activity. [4]
Organisms affect geomorphic processes in a variety of ways. For example, trees can reduce landslide potential where their roots penetrate to underlying rock, plants and their litter inhibit soil erosion, biochemicals produced by plants accelerate the chemical weathering of bedrock and regolith, and marine animals cause the bioerosion of coral.
Hydrogeomorphology has been defined as “an interdisciplinary science that focuses on the interaction and linkage of hydrologic processes with landforms or earth materials and the interaction of geomorphic processes with surface and subsurface water in temporal and spatial dimensions.” [1] The term 'hydro-geomorphology’ designates the study of landforms caused by the action of water. [2]
Geomorphology (which focuses on the processes that modify the land surface) has a long history as a concept and area of study, with geomorphometry being one of the oldest related disciplines. [5] Geomatics is a more recently evolved sub-discipline, and even more recent is the concept of geomorphometrics.
Periglacial processes—those that directly involve ice—may be prominent in the early stages of paraglacial landscape response, but the two terms are not synonymous. Many geomorphic processes that don't require freezing conditions—for example fluvial erosion, transport and deposition—are typically involved in paraglacial change.
A classic example is the Canadian Shield. During the last ice age , the topsoil was scraped off, leaving mostly bare rock. The melting of the glaciers left land with many irregularities of elevation and a great deal of water to collect in the low points, resulting in the region's many lakes.