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Spinosaurus (/ ˌ s p aɪ n ə ˈ s ɔːr ə s /; lit. ' spine lizard ') is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what now is North Africa during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, about 100 to 94 million years ago.
In April 1944, the holotype of S. aegyptiacus was destroyed during an allied bombing raid in World War II. [16] [17] In 1934, Stromer referred a partial skeleton also from the Bahariya Formation to a new species of Spinosaurus; [18] the specimen has since been alternatively assigned to another African spinosaurid, Sigilmassasaurus. [19]
The authors also proposed Spinosaurus maroccanus as a junior synonym of Sigilmassasaurus, and rejected the proposal of a Spinosaurus aegyptiacus neotype. [4] A study by British paleontologist Thomas Arden and colleagues in 2018 concluded that Sigilmassasaurus was a valid genus and formed a tribe with Spinosaurus termed Spinosaurini.
Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach (born on 12th of June, 1871 in Nürnberg, died on 18th of December, 1952 in Erlangen) was a German paleontologist best remembered for his expedition to Egypt, during which the discovery of the first known remains of Spinosaurus was made.
The holotype (1912VIII61) consists of three caudal vertebrae, a partial scapula, and some limb bones, all of which were discovered in the Bahariya Formation of Egypt between 1910 and c. 1913 by Ernst Stromer and Richard Markgraf [1] and the holotype was sent to Munich, Germany in 1915 to be studied at the same time the holotype of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus was described.
Previously considered a species of Spinosaurus, or a synonym of S. aegyptiacus. Spinosaurus: S. aegyptiacus: Most common dinosaur of the formation. A large spinosaurid. Tameryraptor [13] T. markgrafi: A large carcharodontosaurid theropod, originally assigned to Carcharodontosaurus
The best known species is S. aegyptiacus from Egypt, although a potential second species S. maroccanus has been recovered from Morocco. Spinosaurus may be the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs. Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes (7.7 to 23.0 short tons ...
If supported by future studies, this would imply Spinosaurus aegyptiacus had a wider distribution and support a faunal exchange scenario between South America and Africa during the Cenomanian when there was little separation of South America and Africa by water, which allowed Spinosaurus aegyptiacus to traverse the short distance of the sea ...