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A Cochrane review found that while it is an effective treatment for shigellosis it also produces more significant adverse effects than other antibiotic drugs. [43] Staphylococcus aureus infections: No: No: No: In vitro and in vivo activity against both non-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. [44] [45 ...
Intravitreal injection is the method of administration of drugs into the eye by injection with a fine needle. The medication will be directly applied into the vitreous humor. [1] It is used to treat various eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and infections inside the eye such as endophthalmitis. [1]
Eye, ear or bladder infections; usually applied directly to the eye or inhaled into the lungs; rarely given by injection, although the use of intravenous colistin is experiencing a resurgence due to the emergence of multi drug resistant organisms. Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection)
Intramuscular (into a muscle), e.g. many vaccines, antibiotics, and long-term psychoactive agents. Recreationally the colloquial term 'muscling' is used. [21] Topical ocular administration. Intraocular, into the eye, e.g., some medications for glaucoma or eye neoplasms.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
Each eye has seven extraocular muscles located in its orbit. [7] Six of these muscles control the eye movements , the seventh controls the movement of the upper eyelid . The six muscles are four recti muscles – the lateral rectus , the medial rectus , the inferior rectus , and the superior rectus , and two oblique muscles the inferior oblique ...
The blood–ocular barrier is a barrier created by endothelium of capillaries of the retina and iris, ciliary epithelium and retinal pigment epithelium. [1] It is a physical barrier between the local blood vessels and most parts of the eye itself, and stops many substances including drugs from traveling across it. [2]