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The discovery of DNA as the blueprint for life and breakthroughs in molecular genetics research came from the combined works of many scientists. In 1869, chemist Johann Friedrich Miescher, who was researching the composition of white blood cells, discovered and isolated a new molecule that he named nuclein from the cell nucleus, which would ultimately be the first discovery of the molecule DNA ...
Molecular phylogenetics (/ m ə ˈ l ɛ k j ʊ l ər ˌ f aɪ l oʊ dʒ ə ˈ n ɛ t ɪ k s, m ɒ-, m oʊ-/ [1] [2]) is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine ...
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) is a method in molecular biology that allows directed identification of mutations in a specific gene.TILLING was introduced in 2000, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and expanded on into other uses and methodologies by a small group of scientists including Luca Comai.
One of the current projects involving Molecular Cytogenetics involves genomic research on rare cancers, called the Cancer Genome Characterization Initiative (CGCI). [15] The CGCI is a group interested in describing the genetic abnormalities of some rare cancers, by employing advanced sequencing of genomes, exomes, and transcriptomes, which may ...
Molecular anthropology, also known as genetic anthropology, is the study of how molecular biology has contributed to the understanding of human evolution. [1] This field of anthropology examines evolutionary links between ancient and modern human populations, as well as between contemporary species.
An overlapping gene (or OLG) [1] [2] is a gene whose expressible nucleotide sequence partially overlaps with the expressible nucleotide sequence of another gene. [3] In this way, a nucleotide sequence may make a contribution to the function of one or more gene products.
(See Central dogma of molecular biology.) mRNA structure, approximately to scale for a human mRNA In molecular genetics , an untranslated region (or UTR ) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA .
Reverse genetics is a method in molecular genetics that is used to help understand the function(s) of a gene by analysing the phenotypic effects caused by genetically engineering specific nucleic acid sequences within the gene. The process proceeds in the opposite direction to forward genetic screens of classical genetics.