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Anguina tritici was the first plant parasitic nematode to be described in the literature in 1743. It causes a disease in wheat and rye called "ear-cockle" or seed gall. . Originally found in many parts of the world but has been eradicated from the western he
Biorhiza pallida, also known as the oak apple gall wasp, [1] is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae. This species is a member of the tribe Cynipini: the oak gall wasp tribe. Cynipini is the tribe partially responsible for the formation of galls known as oak apples on oak trees. These are formed after the wasp lays eggs inside the leaf ...
Galls may also provide the insect with physical protection from predators. [35] [24] Insect galls are usually induced by chemicals injected by the larvae of the insects into the plants and possibly mechanical damage. After the galls are formed, the larvae develop inside until fully grown, when they leave.
The gall is a stalked, club-like smooth pouch (7−15 mm high) on the leaves of elm trees. Feeding inside the gall is a nymph and some wax. Partly formed galls are pale yellow patches with irregular lumpy projections on the top surface of the leaf. On the underside of the leaf, young galls may have a hairy opening. [6]
Krebs gall is caused by surface agents. Filz gall is caused by agents among surface hairs. Fold/roll gall is caused by agents within turned-over leaf blades. Pouch gall is caused by agents within a cup-like structure that occurs when opposite ends of the infected structure arch upward and form a spherical oval. Causative inside agents include:
Andricus foecundatrix (formerly Andricus fecundator) is a parthenogenetic gall wasp which lays a single egg within a leaf bud, using its ovipositor, to produce a gall known as an oak artichoke gall, oak hop gall, larch-cone gall or hop strobile [1] [2] The gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of leaf axillary or terminal buds on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) or sessile oak ...
The diameter of the gall at its base is 1.5–3 mm (0.06–0.12 in). [36] [31] They are narrow and conical, and sometimes have a slight curve at the tip. [16] The galls each contain a single chamber, [31] which is smooth inside. [24] Common names for the gall include the grape-leaf trumpet-gall, [35] the conical grape gall, [24] and the grape ...
Camellia gall on willow. Rabdophaga rosaria is found on willow branches and the gall diameter depends upon the species, being larger on Salix caprea at 8 centimetres (3.1 in) than on Salix alba at 3 cm (1.2 in). The development in the United Kingdom begins in May / June with leaf expansion and reaches maturity in August / September while the ...