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In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression .
The 5' UTR is upstream from the coding sequence. Within the 5' UTR is a sequence that is recognized by the ribosome which allows the ribosome to bind and initiate translation. The mechanism of translation initiation differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The 3' UTR is found immediately following the translation stop codon.
A uORF is a coding sequence located in the 5′ UTR located upstream of the coding sequences initiation site. These uORFs contain their own initiation codon, known as an upstream AUG (uAUG). This codon can be scanned for by ribosomes and then translated to create a product, [ 19 ] which can regulate the translation of the main protein coding ...
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[3] [2] ARE-directed mRNA degradation is influenced by many exogenous factors, including phorbol esters, calcium ionophores, cytokines, and transcription inhibitors. These observations suggest that AREs play a critical role in the regulation of gene transcription during cell growth and differentiation , and the immune response . [ 1 ]
The 3′ UTR of Alphacoronaviruses consists of two small hairpins (PK-SL2) which can form an alternate conformation (PK-SL1) where the loop region of the second hairpin interacts with the stem of the first hairpin (see Coronavirus 3′ UTR pseudoknot). PK-SL2 has been confirmed in HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 by in vitro structure probing experiments.
The histone 3′ UTR stem-loop is an RNA element involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of the histone mRNAs, ...
Crystal structure of iron regulatory protein 1 in complex with ferritin H IRE-RNA, Protein Data Bank entry 2IPY. [1]In molecular biology, the iron response element or iron-responsive element (IRE) is a short conserved stem-loop which is bound by iron response proteins (IRPs, also named IRE-BP or IRBP).