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The condition has been found in cats, fish, herons, terrapins and Nile crocodiles, piscivores such as otters, cormorants, Pel's fishing-owls and fish eagles. The disorder is also regularly found in captive-bred animals fed on high fish diets, such as mink, pigs and poultry.
The low-cost food that is generally affordable to the poor in affluent nations is low in nutritional value and high in fats, sugars and additives. In rich countries, therefore, obesity is often a sign of poverty and malnutrition while in poorer countries obesity is more associated with wealth and good nutrition.
Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is a fatty-acid metabolism disorder which prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food. [1] [2] [3] Those affected by this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that breaks down a group of fats called very long-chain fatty acids.
Undernutrition can cause vitamin-deficiency-related diseases like scurvy and rickets. As undernutrition worsens, those affected have less energy and experience impairment in brain functions. This can make it difficult (or impossible) for them to perform the tasks needed to acquire food, earn an income, or gain an education. [citation needed]
The exact cause is unknown. [12] Other forms include: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn, a form of panniculitis occurring in newborns that is usually self-resolving, that may be a result of hypoxic injury to relatively high levels of brown fat. [2]: 492 Sclerema neonatorum, affecting premature births. [2]: 492
Many lipid storage disorders can be classified into the subgroup of sphingolipidoses, as they relate to sphingolipid metabolism. Members of this group include Niemann-Pick disease, Fabry disease, Krabbe disease, Gaucher disease, Tay–Sachs disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, multiple sulfatase deficiency, and Farber disease.
Abetalipoproteinemia (also known as: Bassen–Kornzweig syndrome, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein deficiency disease, MTP deficiency, and betalipoprotein deficiency syndrome [2]) is a disorder characterized by abnormal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food. [3]
Both the familial type and Fish-eye disease are autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations of the LCAT gene located on chromosome 16q22.1, which is the long (q) arm of chromosome 16 a position 22.1. [7] Both diseases are very rare with ~70 reported cases of familial LCAT deficiency [9] and ~30 cases of fish-eye disease. [10]