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Cologne Cathedral (German: Kölner Dom, pronounced [ˌkœlnɐ ˈdoːm] ⓘ, officially Hohe Domkirche Sankt Petrus, English: Cathedral Church of Saint Peter) is a cathedral in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia belonging to the Catholic Church. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne and of the administration of the Archdiocese of Cologne.
The city of Cologne as such became a free city in 1288 and the archbishop eventually moved his residence from Cologne Cathedral to Bonn to avoid conflicts with the Free City, which escaped his jurisdiction. After 1795, the archbishopric's territories on the left bank of the Rhine were occupied by France, and were formally annexed in 1801.
In October 1794, the city of Cologne was captured and occupied for the next 20 years. This occupation put a definite end to the medieval traditions of the city, and began a strong anti-clerical movement in its place. As a result, the archbishopric in Cologne was ended in 1801, and the Cologne Cathedral was designated as a normal parish church.
It is the latest surviving Gothic church in the city. It is maintained and supported by the Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln. The surviving Romanesque west tower dates to 1170. It and the nearby Cäcilienkirche are the city's only two surviving double-churches, which combined a parish church with a collegiate church or Stiftkirche.
Interior of St Georg's Church. The date of the foundation of St Georg's is unknown, but it was consecrated towards the end of the 11th century. [1] The nave was vaulted in the mid-12th century, the westwerk was added in 1188 and the entrance portal on the north side in 1551. [1]
St. Andrew's (German: St. Andreas) is a 10th-century Romanesque church located in the old town of Cologne, Germany. It is one of twelve churches built in Cologne in that period. [2] Archbishop Gero consecrated the church in 974, dedicating it to St. Andrew, although an earlier church at the site was dedicated to St. Matthew.
The reason for the large number of churches was that in the Middle Ages Cologne was, along with Paris, the largest and most important city north of the Alps, and both were already important centers in Roman antiquity (Cologne's name was Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, the provincial capital of Germania Inferior).