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Leningrad Codex (1008 CE) contains the complete copy of Book of Joel in Hebrew.. The original text was written in Hebrew language. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895 CE), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). [3]
Two images at the end of this chapter are two different forms (cf. Joel 3:13) of 'the traditional eschatological image of harvest': the "grain harvest" (verses 14–16) and the "vintage" (verses 17–20), to follow the messages that the angels have given for the nations of the opportunity to respond to the witness of the martyrs in repentance ...
Joel is mentioned by name only once in the Hebrew Bible, in the introduction to that book, as the son of Pethuel ().The name combines the covenant name of God, YHWH (or Yahweh), and El (god), and has been translated as "YHWH is God" or "one to whom YHWH is God," that is, a worshiper of YHWH.
The verse is a reversal of Joel 3:10, where the ploughshares and pruning hooks are to become swords and spears, as it is related to 'the need for continued conflict'. [ 6 ]
The Navarre Bible (2004), commentary to the Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition text by the faculty of the University of Navarra. Sacra Pagina (2008), edited by Daniel J. Harrington, SJ. New Collegeville Bible Commentary (2015), edited by Daniel Durken, OSB. Ignatius Catholic Study Bible Series (2017), edited by Scott Hahn and Curtis Mitch.
First come those prophets dated to the early Assyrian period: Hosea, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah; Joel is undated, but it was possibly placed before Amos because parts of a verse near the end of Joel (3.16 [4.16 in Hebrew]) and one near the beginning of Amos (1.2) are identical. Also we can find in both Amos (4.9 and 7.1–3) and Joel a ...
[23] "Shall cleave in the midst thereof": The cleaving of the mount in two is by a fissure or valley (a prolongation of the "valley of Jehoshaphat" or "valley of decision" , [24] extending from Jerusalem on the west towards Jordan River, eastward. It results in an opening to escape for the besieged (cf. Joel 3:12, 14). Half the divided mount is ...
[6] [a] Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q82 (4QXII g; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1, 5–6, 14–15; [8] [9] [10] and Wadi Murabba'at (MurXII; 75–100 CE) with extant verses 1–15. [9] There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries ...