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The Oxford Dictionary of English (2011) defines 'Pakeha' as 'a white New Zealander'. [8] The Oxford Dictionary of New Zealandisms (2010) defines the noun Pākehā as 'a light-skinned non-Polynesian New Zealander, especially one of British birth or ancestry as distinct from a Māori; a European or white person'; and the adjective as 'of or relating to Pākehā; non-Māori; European, white'.
Many Pākehā Māori were runaway seamen or escaped Australian convicts who settled in Māori communities by choice. [1]A few Pākehā Māori such as James Caddell, John Rutherford [2] and Barnet Burns even received moko (facial tattoos).
Highest point; Elevation: 305 m (1,001 ft) Coordinates: Naming; English translation: The summit where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, the slider, climber of mountains, the land-swallower who travelled about, played his kōauau (flute) to his loved one.
"Puha and Pakeha" is a 1960s New Zealand novelty song, written and performed by Rod Derrett. Darkly humorous in nature, it is about Māori people in early New Zealand preparing 'boil-up' meals of pūhā (a leafy vegetable that grows in the wild) and Pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent).
European settlers in New Zealand, also known locally as Pākehā settlers, began arriving in the country in the early 19th century as immigrants of various types, initially settling around the Bay of Islands mostly.
In Māori and many other Polynesian languages, iwi literally means ' bone ', [8] derived from Proto-Oceanic *suRi₁, meaning ' thorn, splinter, fish bone '. [9] Māori may refer to returning home after travelling or living elsewhere as "going back to the bones" – literally to the burial areas of the ancestors.
New Zealanders of European descent are mostly of British and Irish ancestry, with significantly smaller percentages of other European ancestries such as Germans, Poles, [a] French, Dutch, Croats and other South Slavs, Greeks, [2] and Scandinavians. [3]
The treaty entered into by the rangatira and the Crown — Te Tiriti o Waitangi — followed on from He Whakaputanga, establishing the role of the British Crown with respect to Pākeha. The treaty delegated to Queen Victoria’s governor the authority to exercise control over hitherto lawless Pākeha in areas of hapū land allocated to the Queen.