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Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. It was initially thought to be caused by the subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, by way of their discontinuing attempts to escape or avoid the aversive stimulus, even when such alternatives are unambiguously presented.
Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).
The Role of Expectations and Attributions in the Alleviation of Learned Helplessness in a Problem-Solving Situation (1972) Carol Susan Dweck (born October 17, 1946) is an American psychologist. She holds the Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professorship of Psychology at Stanford University .
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Learned helplessness was conceptualized and developed in the 1960s and ‘70s during a series of laboratory experiments on dogs and human beings. “It was, in many ways, what came first ...
Learned helplessness is defined as a sense of having no control over outcomes, regardless of one's actions. This may mediate the emergence of the lack of responsiveness and arousal observed in persons with depression after a perceived change in positive reinforcers.
When teens experience self-hatred, they’re not just having a bad day. But psychiatrist Dr. Blaise Aguirre says it’s possible for parents to help their kids. Here’s how.
A negative effect of low self-efficacy is that it can lead to a state of learned helplessness. Learned helplessness was studied by Martin Seligman in an experiment in which shocks were applied to animals. Through the experiment, it was discovered that the animals placed in a cage where they could escape shocks by moving to a different part of ...