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In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in plaque on the teeth . This process of precipitation kills the bacterial cells within dental plaque, but the rough and hardened surface that is formed provides an ideal surface for ...
Melanotic macules are benign pigmented lesions that are found in the oral cavity, caused by an increase in pigmentation in the basal cell layer of the epithelium and the lamina propria. Clinically presentation of melanotic macules are typically a brown, black, blue or grey area that is well circumscribed, lesions are usually less than 10 mm in ...
Major signs are high fever, excessive salivation, swelling of the face and tongue, and cyanosis (in severe conditions) of the tongue. [5] Swelling of the lips and tongue gives the tongue its typical blue appearance, though this sign is confined to a minority of the animals. Nasal signs may be prominent, with nasal discharge and stertorous ...
The enamel is fragile, the teeth appear yellow or brown, and surface stains build up more readily. [1] Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a defect of dentin formation, and the teeth may be discolored yellow-brown, deep amber or blue-grey with increased translucency. [1] Dentinal dysplasia is another disorder of dentin.
Dental cavity, also known as tooth decay, [a] is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria. [6] The resulting cavities may be a number of different colors, from yellow to black. [ 1 ] Symptoms may include pain and difficulty eating.
Caviar tongue is a condition characterized by the purplish nodular swelling of veins found on the undersurface of the tongue. [1]It is normal for there to be veins visible underneath the tongue, partly because the mucous membrane is so thin and translucent in this region, but where these vessels become dilated and tortuous, they may appear round and black like caviar. [2]
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a dsRNA virus of the genus Orbivirus.The virus causes Bluetongue disease. [1] [2] [3] BTV is relatively fragile and its infectivity is lost in slightly acidic environments.
Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching is the process of lightening the colour of human teeth. [1] Whitening is often desirable when teeth become yellowed over time for a number of reasons, and can be achieved by changing the intrinsic or extrinsic colour of the tooth enamel. [2]