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Charring – is observed as tiny black specs at the fat/non-fat interface in the butyrometer. This problem is due to charring of the milk proteins by the concentrated Gerber acid. It could also arise as a result of pouring the milk sample directly onto the acid in the butyrometer. To avoid charring, first, ensure the acid concentration is right.
The test is based on the observation that a suitable amount of sulfuric acid added to the milk will dissolve proteins and other components, except the fat. Heating and centrifuging cause the fat to separate and float to the top, in a layer free of bubbles. The amount of fat in the milk can then be estimated from the volume of that layer.
Butyrometer is a measuring instrument used to measure fat content in milk or milk products in general. The method used in the determination is Gerber's method as invented by Swiss chemist Niklaus Gerber. Butyrometer Schematic of a Butyrometer
The Babcock bottle was originally developed to determine the fat content of milk. [3] [4] Other uses of the container and its variations include measuring the contents of: Fat in cream and ice cream. [10] [19] Fat and free fatty acids in cheese. [15] [20] Fat in meat. [16] Non-sulfonatable components in petroleum products. [21] [6]
A dairy product is food produced from the milk of mammals. [1] Dairy products are usually high energy-yielding food products. A production plant for the processing of milk is called a dairy or a dairy factory.
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From the 1870s Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) developed machines for the dairy industry, including the first centrifugal milk-cream separator and early milking machines. His first separator was patented in 1887, and his first milking machine in 1894. From the early 1880s, De Laval's cream separator, was promoted internationally.
The most sanitary milk depot in New England, early 20th Century. HP Hood LLC is an American dairy company based in Lynnfield, Massachusetts. Hood was founded in 1846 [1] in Derry, New Hampshire, by Harvey Perley Hood. After two years in Derry, Hood took his milk south and established a factory in Charlestown, Massachusetts.