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2. Flocculation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculation

   4x speed video of floc settling after adding flocculant polymers during a jar test. In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.

3. Coagulation (water treatment) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_(water_treatment)

   The dose of the coagulant to be used can be determined via the jar test. [1] [5] The jar test involves exposing same volume samples of the water to be treated to different doses of the coagulant and then simultaneously mixing the samples at a constant rapid mixing time. [5] The microfloc formed after coagulation further undergoes flocculation ...

4. Clarifying agent - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarifying_agent

   Particles finer than 0.1 μm (10 −7 m) in water remain continuously in motion due to electrostatic charge (often negative) which causes them to repel each other. [citation needed] Once their electrostatic charge is neutralized by the use of a coagulant chemical, the finer particles start to collide and agglomerate (collect together) under the influence of Van der Waals forces.

5. File:Jar test for coagulation.webm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jar_test_for...

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6. Sodium adsorption ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_adsorption_ratio

   The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an irrigation water quality parameter used in the management of sodium-affected soils.It is an indicator of the suitability of water for use in agricultural irrigation, as determined from the concentrations of the main alkaline and earth alkaline cations present in the water.

7. Particle aggregation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_aggregation

   Water treatment. Treatment of municipal waste water normally includes a phase where fine solid particles are removed. This separation is achieved by addition of a flocculating or coagulating agent, which induce the aggregation of the suspended solids. The aggregates are normally separated by sedimentation, leading to sewage sludge.

8. Dissolved air flotation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolved_air_flotation

   Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin. The released air forms ...

9. Depletion force - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depletion_force

   The use of depletion forces to initiate flocculation is a common process in water treatment. The relatively small size of dispersed particles in waste water renders typical filtration methods ineffective. However, if the dispersion was to be destabilized and flocculation occur, particles