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Nepal has become a federal democratic republican state since 28 May 2008 (15th Jestha, 2065 BS). According to the concept of a federal system, Nepal has been divided into 7 provinces, 77 districts and 753 local levels. Now each province has a separate government along with its federal government at the centre.
In the aftermath of the 2007 People's Revolt II, the 240-year monarchy was abolished in the 5th amendment of the Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063. [1] [2] The amendment was the first document to mention Nepal officially as the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. It envisioned federalism as a prominent feature for a new Nepal. [3]
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) became the largest party amidst a general atmosphere of fear and intimidation from all sides. [47] A federal republic was established in May 2008, with only four members of the 601-seat Constituent Assembly voting against the change, [48] which ended 240 years of royal rule in Nepal. The government ...
In other words, candidates from any political party failing to meet the criteria to become a national party will be ineligible to be represented in parliament as a party. [2] [7] There are currently five such political parties which failed to achieve national status yet are represented in Nepal's Parliament. [4]
The State's political objective is to enhance freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Nepal by mutual cooperative federalism and incorporating the principle of proportional participation in the system of governance on the basis of local autonomy and decentralization.
Before 2015, instead of provinces, Nepal was divided into developmental regions and administrative zones. Fulfilling the requirement of the new constitution of Nepal in 2015, all old municipalities and villages (which were more than 3900 in number) were restructured into 753 new municipalities and rural municipalities.
Each district has local units. Local level bodies in Nepal include six metropolises, 11 sub-metropolises, 276 municipal councils and 460 village councils. [3] The current system of seven provinces replaced an earlier system where Nepal was divided into 14 administrative zones which were grouped into five development regions.
Candidates for each constituency seat are nominated by a political party or stand as independents. Each constituency elects one MP under the first past the post system of election. As well, since Nepal uses a parallel voting system, voters cast another ballot to try to elect MPs through the party-list proportional representation.