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A glowing plate in a vacuum tube circuit indicates that the tube is drawing excessive current. This causes the anode ("plate") to overheat and radiate a visible red or orange glow. In consumer electronics, this is universally indicative that the tube is experiencing an overload condition, though the reasons for the overload may vary.
Most vacuum tubes have a limited lifetime, due mainly to the filament burning out or the cathode coating becoming depleted, gradually reducing performance, with other failure modes, so they are made as replaceable units; the electrode leads connect to pins on the tube's base which plug into a tube socket making tubes, a frequent cause of ...
This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics. Many industrial, military or otherwise professional tubes were also produced.
Research has also identified a particular failure mode for tin whiskers in vacuum (such as in space), where in high-power components a short-circuiting tin whisker is ionized into a plasma that is capable of conducting hundreds of amperes of current, massively increasing the damaging effect of the short circuit. [12]
Schematic symbol used in circuit diagrams for a vacuum tube, showing control grid. The control grid is an electrode used in amplifying thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) such as the triode, tetrode and pentode, used to control the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode (plate) electrode. The control grid usually consists of a cylindrical ...
The suppressor grid and pentode tube were invented in 1926 by Gilles Holst and Bernard D. H. Tellegen at Phillips Electronics. [1] [2] In a vacuum tube, electrons emitted by the heated cathode are attracted to the positively-charged plate and pass through the grids to the plate. When they strike the plate they knock other electrons out of the ...
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A sudden fail-open fault can cause multiple secondary failures if it is fast and the circuit contains an inductance; this causes large voltage spikes, which may exceed 500 volts. A broken metallisation on a chip may thus cause secondary overvoltage damage. [1] Thermal runaway can cause sudden failures including melting, fire or explosions.