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A space-filling model of the diatomic molecule dinitrogen, N 2. Diatomic molecules (from Greek di- 'two') are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements. If a diatomic molecule consists of two atoms of the same element, such as hydrogen (H 2) or oxygen (O 2), then it is said to be homonuclear.
Diatomic molecules consist of a bond between only two atoms. They can be broken into two categories: homonuclear and heteronuclear. A homonuclear diatomic molecule is one composed of two atoms of the same element. Examples are H 2, O 2, and N 2. A heteronuclear diatomic molecule is composed of two atoms of two different elements.
Heteronuclear molecules. A heteronuclear molecule is a molecule composed of atoms of more than one chemical element. [1] [2] For example, a molecule of water (H 2 O) is heteronuclear because it has atoms of two different elements, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Similarly, a heteronuclear ion is an ion that contains atoms of more than one chemical ...
For molecules that possess a center of inversion (centrosymmetric molecules) there are additional labels of symmetry that can be applied to molecular orbitals. Centrosymmetric molecules include: Homonuclear diatomics, X 2; Octahedral, EX 6; Square planar, EX 4. Non-centrosymmetric molecules include: Heteronuclear diatomics, XY; Tetrahedral, EX 4.
Based on atomicity, molecules can be classified as: Monoatomic (composed of one atom). Examples include He , Ne , Ar , and Kr . All noble gases are monoatomic. Diatomic (composed of two atoms). Examples include H 2 , N 2 , O 2 , F 2 , and Cl 2
Molecular symmetry in physics and chemistry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of molecules according to their symmetry. Molecular symmetry is a fundamental concept in the application of Quantum Mechanics in physics and chemistry, for example it can be used to predict or explain many of a molecule's properties, such as its dipole moment and its allowed ...
For heteronuclear diatomic molecules, the u/g symbol does not correspond to any exact symmetry of the electronic molecular Hamiltonian. In the case of less symmetric molecules the molecular term symbol contains the symbol of the group representation to which the molecular electronic state belongs. It has the general form:
Their use is standard practice for the designation of electronic states of diatomic molecules, whereas for atomic states the terms even and odd are used. The ground state (the lowest state) of + is denoted X 2 Σ + g [13] or 1sσ g and it is gerade. There is also the first excited state A 2 Σ + u (2pσ u), which is ungerade
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