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The IPO model of teams is a systems theory, as it rests on the assumption that a team is more than one-to-one relationships between variables, and more than the sum of its members. It suggests that there are interactions and feedback between many contributing factors. [ 2 ]
Teamwork is the collaborative effort of a group to achieve a common goal or to complete a task in an effective and efficient way. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Teamwork is seen within the framework of a team , which is a group of interdependent individuals who work together towards a common goal .
The evaluation of how effective a team is, is achieved with the aid of a variety of components derived from research and theories that help in creating a description of the multifaceted nature of team effectiveness. According to Hackman (1987), [11] team effectiveness can be defined in terms of three criteria:
The forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development was first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, [1] who said that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for a team to grow, face up to challenges, tackle problems, find solutions, plan work, and deliver results.
In the early seventies, Hill and Grunner reported that more than 100 theories of group development existed. [1] Since then, other theories have emerged as well as attempts at contrasting and synthesizing them. As a result, a number of typologies of group change theories have been proposed. A typology advanced by George Smith (2001) based on the ...
In the 1970s and 80s, Henri Tajfel and John Turner proposed two connected theories of social identity, self-categorization theory and social identity theory, that together form a method for understanding the psychological processes underlying how individuals make sense of their identities and group membership. [35]
Social psychology utilizes a wide range of specific theories for various kinds of social and cognitive phenomena. Here is a sampling of some of the more influential theories that can be found in this branch of psychology. Attribution theory – is concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behaviour of others. The theory ...
Bruce Wayne Tuckman (November 24, 1938 – March 13, 2016) was an American psychological researcher who carried out research into the theory of group dynamics. [1] In 1965, he published a theory generally known as "Tuckman's stages of group development".