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Charpy test sample with a notch. In mechanical engineering and materials science, a notch refers to a V-shaped, U-shaped, or semi-circular defect deliberately introduced into a planar material. In structural components, a notch causes a stress concentration which can result in the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks.
Stoplogs are frequently used to temporarily block flow through a spillway or canal during routine maintenance. At other times stoplogs can be used over longer periods of times, such as when a field is flooded and stoplogs are being used in smaller gates in order to control the depth of water in fields.
A notch weir is any weir where the physical barrier is significantly higher than the water level except for a specific notch (often V-shaped) cut into the panel. At times of normal flow all the water must pass through the notch, simplifying flow volume calculations, and at times of flood the water level can rise and submerge the weir without ...
A drop structure, also known as a grade control, sill, or weir, is a manmade structure, typically small and built on minor streams, or as part of a dam's spillway, to pass water to a lower elevation while controlling the energy and velocity of the water as it passes over.
The wire is aligned under tension between heavy, braced, fence posts (strainer posts) and then held at the correct height by being attached to wooden or steel fence posts, and/or with battens in between. The gaps between posts vary depending on type and terrain.
Some varieties of flumes are used in measuring water flow of a larger channel. When used to measure the flow of water in open channels, a flume is defined as a specially shaped, fixed hydraulic structure that under free-flow conditions forces flow to accelerate in such a manner that the flow rate through the flume can be characterized by a level-to-flow relationship as applied to a single head ...
Many pathways of water can enter through a dam structure to produce a well-defined nappe. However, engineers classify dams as either overflow dams, where water consistently flows over or is blocked through a gate on top of crest, or non-overflow dams, which channel water through or around the dam with emergency floodgates.
Concrete check dams in Austria A steel check dam A common application of check dams is in bioswales, which are artificial drainage channels that are designed to remove silt and pollution from runoff. A check dam is a small, sometimes temporary, dam constructed across a swale , drainage ditch , or waterway to counteract erosion by reducing water ...