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Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as the signs of the causal pathogen are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. [1] This mycelial layer may quickly spread to cover all of the leaves.
Stromatinia cepivora is a fungus in the division Ascomycota.It is the teleomorph of Sclerotium cepivorum, the cause of white rot in onions, garlic, and leeks. [2] The infective sclerotia remain viable in the soil for many years and are stimulated to germinate by the presence of a susceptible crop.
Stemphylium solani is a plant pathogen fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is the causal pathogen for grey leaf spot in tomatoes and leaf blight in alliums and cotton, though a wide range of additional species can serve as hosts. Symptoms include white spots on leaves and stems that progress to sunken red or purple lesions and finally leaf ...
Leaf spots are visible symptoms of virus infections on plants, and are referred to as systemic symptoms. [7] In systematic virus infections leaf spots caused by viruses show a loss of green colour in leaves, due to chlorosis which is a repression of chlorophyll development. [1]
Botrytis squamosa (teleomorph: Botryotinia squamosa) is a fungus that causes leaf blight on onion (often termed ‘blast’) that is distinctly characterized by the two stages – leaf spotting followed by blighting. [1] The pathogen is an ascomycete that belongs to the family Sclerotiniaceae in the order Helotiales. [2]
White mold affects a wide range of hosts and causes sclerotinia stem rot. It is known to infect 408 plant species. As a nonspecific plant pathogen, [2] diverse host range and ability to infect plants at any stage of growth makes white mold a serious disease. The fungus can survive on infected tissues, in the soil, and on living plants.
A. niger is a strict aerobe; therefore, it requires oxygen to grow. [11] The fungus can grow in a range of environmental conditions; it can grow at temperatures ranging from 6 to 47 °C. [12] As a mesophile, [13] its optimal temperature range is 35-37 °C. [11] It can tolerate pH ranging from 1.5 to 9.8. [12]
Onion shows a leaf and stem infection. In tobacco black shank affects the roots and basal stem area, but all parts of the plant can become infected. [5] Damping off symptoms can be observed in young seedlings. The first above ground symptom that will be observed is the wilting of plants, which leads to stunting. Roots will be blackened and decayed.