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Soteriology (/ s oʊ ˌ t ɪr i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; Ancient Greek: σωτηρία sōtēría "salvation" from σωτήρ sōtḗr "savior, preserver" and λόγος lógos "study" or "word" [1]) is the study of religious doctrines of salvation. Salvation theory occupies a place of special significance in many religions. [2]
Church doctrine sees this as the elements and resources revealed by God as necessary for the sake of mankind's salvation through God's revelation and communication of himself to mankind. It refers to God's creation of all things, and of his governance of the world, especially with regard to Jesus' part in salvation, which includes his mission ...
Some more recent theologians, such as Karl Barth, G. C. Berkouwer and Herman Ridderbos, have criticised the idea of an "order of salvation". [3] For example, Barth sees the ordo salutis as running the risk of "psychologizing" salvation and Berkouwer is concerned the ordering does not do justice to the "fullness" of salvation. [8]
Catholic theology is the understanding of Catholic doctrine or teachings, and results from the studies of theologians. It is based on canonical scripture , and sacred tradition , as interpreted authoritatively by the magisterium of the Catholic Church .
Thomas Aquinas considers the atonement in the Summa Theologiae, [9] developing the now-standard Catholic understanding of atonement. [citation needed] For Aquinas, the main obstacle to human salvation lies in sinful human nature, which damns human beings unless it is repaired or restored by the atonement. In his section on man, he considers ...
The Roman Catholic Church, as mentioned above, condemned semi-pelagianism at the Council of Orange (529), but also does not accept the Calvinist interpretation of Augustine. [25] In the 18th century, the Jesuits accused the Jansenists of affirming the radical Augustinian doctrines of Calvinism; the Jansenists, in turn, accused the Jesuits of ...
One of the earliest of the Church Fathers to enunciate clearly and unambiguously the doctrine of baptismal regeneration ("the idea that salvation happens at and by water baptism duly administered") was Cyprian (c. 200 – 258): "While he attributed all the saving energy to the grace of God, he considered the 'laver of saving water' the instrument of God that makes a person 'born again ...
Closely related are the exegetical methods by which Scripture is explained according to its "spiritual senses". [4] [page needed] These developments were organized by the scholastics into the doctrine of the "four senses," encompassing the literal sense and the three spiritual senses (allegorical, moral, and anagogical).
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