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This can be proved by computing the derivative of the right-hand side of the formula, taking into account that the condition on g is here for insuring the continuity of the integral. This gives the following formulas (where a ≠ 0), which are valid over any interval where f is continuous (over larger intervals, the constant C must be replaced ...
In mathematics, the definite integral ()is the area of the region in the xy-plane bounded by the graph of f, the x-axis, and the lines x = a and x = b, such that area above the x-axis adds to the total, and that below the x-axis subtracts from the total.
The following is a list of integrals (antiderivative functions) of logarithmic functions. For a complete list of integral functions, see list of integrals. Note: x > 0 is assumed throughout this article, and the constant of integration is omitted for simplicity.
A different technique, which goes back to Laplace (1812), [3] is the following. Let = =. Since the limits on s as y → ±∞ depend on the sign of x, it simplifies the calculation to use the fact that e −x 2 is an even function, and, therefore, the integral over all real numbers is just twice the integral from zero to infinity.
Indefinite integrals are antiderivative functions. A constant (the constant of integration) may be added to the right hand side of any of these formulas, but has been suppressed here in the interest of brevity.
This formula is the general form of the Leibniz integral rule and can be derived using the fundamental theorem of calculus. The (first) fundamental theorem of calculus is just the particular case of the above formula where a ( x ) = a ∈ R {\displaystyle a(x)=a\in \mathbb {R} } is constant, b ( x ) = x , {\displaystyle b(x)=x,} and f ( x , t ...
These reduction formulas can be used for integrands having integer and/or fractional exponents. Special cases of these reductions formulas can be used for integrands of the form ( a + b x n + c x 2 n ) p {\displaystyle \left(a+b\,x^{n}+c\,x^{2n}\right)^{p}} when b 2 − 4 a c = 0 {\displaystyle b^{2}-4\,a\,c=0} by setting m to 0.
The following is a list of integrals (antiderivative functions) of irrational functions. For a complete list of integral functions, see lists of integrals. Throughout this article the constant of integration is omitted for brevity.