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  2. Cellular differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_differentiation

    Differentiation happens multiple times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some ...

  3. V (D)J recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V(D)J_recombination

    V(D)J recombination (variable–diversity–joining rearrangement) is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. It results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCRs) found in B cells and T cells, respectively.

  4. B cell growth and differentiation factors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell_growth_and...

    IL-4 - cytokine associated with the differentiation of mature T cells, which some B cell precursors are also responsive to. [5] IL-5 - cytokine that acts like IL-6, except it can also induce proliferation in B cells, and its effect on differentiation is partially inhibited by IL-4. IL-5 cannot induce differentiation in cells activated by anti ...

  5. Cell proliferation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_proliferation

    Cell division can occur without cell growth, producing many progressively smaller cells (as in cleavage of the zygote), while cell growth can occur without cell division to produce a single larger cell (as in growth of neurons). Thus, cell proliferation is not synonymous with either cell growth or cell division, despite these terms sometimes ...

  6. Differentiation-inducing factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation-inducing...

    Each cell type has a distinct physical origin within the organism; pre-stalk cells coming from the anterior side and pre-spore cells from the posterior. Early evidence showed the differentiation of dense patches of pre-stalk cells were induced by cyclic AMP (cAMP) along with "a factor" that was likely low in molecular weight and able to diffuse ...

  7. French flag model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_flag_model

    In the French flag model, the French flag is used to represent the effect of a morphogen on cell differentiation: a morphogen affects cell states based on concentration, these states are represented by the different colors of the French flag: high concentrations activate a "blue" gene, lower concentrations activate a "white" gene, with "red" serving as the default state in cells below the ...

  8. Dedifferentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedifferentiation

    Cell plasticity is closely related to dedifferentiation, implying that a cell with ‘plasticity’ can dedifferentiate to change phenotypes. [9] Cell plasticity suggests that cells can change phenotypes slightly; not fully de-differentiating, to serve a better function. [13] A strong example of this is lens regeneration in the newt. [9]

  9. Directed differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_differentiation

    Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering. [1] It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest. [2]

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