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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be ...
A lung nodule is a discrete opacity in the lung which may be caused by: Neoplasm: benign or malignant; Granuloma: tuberculosis; Infection: round pneumonia; Vascular: infarct, varix, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis; There are a number of features that are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis: rate of growth
High-resolution CT image showing ground-glass opacities in the periphery of both lungs in a patient with COVID-19 (red arrows). The adjacent normal lung tissue with lower attenuation appears as darker areas. Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs.
This finding is most commonly associated with hematogenous metastases, where malignant cells spread to the lungs via the bloodstream, forming discrete nodules that resemble cannonballs. [2] The term "cannonball" reflects the large, rounded appearance of these lesions, often evident on chest radiographs or CT scans.
Caplan syndrome presents with cough and shortness of breath in conjunction with features of rheumatoid arthritis, such as painful joints and morning stiffness. Examination should reveal tender, swollen metacarpophalangeal joints and rheumatoid nodules; auscultation of the chest may reveal diffuse crackles that do not disappear on coughing or taking a deep breath.
MIP is used for the detection of lung nodules in lung cancer screening programs which use computed tomography scans. MIP enhances the 3D nature of these nodules, making them stand out from pulmonary bronchi and vasculature.
Detection of nodules on CT or chest X-ray; Biopsy of nodule to evaluate malignancy; If necessary, treatment of nodule through surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (curative approach) or through chemoembolization and ablation (palliative approach) A hybrid operating room supports steps 2 and 3 (if surgery is performed) of this workflow:
Intramural fibroids are located within the muscular wall of the uterus and are the most common type. [23] Unless they are large, they may be asymptomatic. Intramural fibroids begin as small nodules in the muscular wall of the uterus. With time, intramural fibroids may expand inwards, causing distortion and elongation of the uterine cavity.