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In magnetostatics, the force of attraction or repulsion between two current-carrying wires (see first figure below) is often called Ampère's force law. The physical origin of this force is that each wire generates a magnetic field , following the Biot–Savart law , and the other wire experiences a magnetic force as a consequence, following ...
Media related to Ampere's law at Wikimedia Commons; MISN-0-138 Ampere's Law by Kirby Morgan for Project PHYSNET. MISN-0-145 The Ampere–Maxwell Equation; Displacement Current (PDF file) by J. S. Kovacs for Project PHYSNET. A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field Maxwell's paper of 1864
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
In three dimensions, the derivative has a special structure allowing the introduction of a cross product: = + = + from which it is easily seen that Gauss's law is the scalar part, the Ampère–Maxwell law is the vector part, Faraday's law is the pseudovector part, and Gauss's law for magnetism is the pseudoscalar part of the equation.
ampere The SI unit of electrical current. Ampère's circuital law The mathematical relation between the integral of the magnetic field over some closed curve to the current passing through the region bound by the curve. Ampère's force law The mathematical relation between the force between two current carrying conductors and the current ...
where is the current, measured in amperes; is the potential difference, measured in volts; and is the resistance, measured in ohms. For alternating currents , especially at higher frequencies, skin effect causes the current to spread unevenly across the conductor cross-section, with higher density near the surface, thus increasing the apparent ...
Ohm's law states the relationship between the current I and the voltage V of a circuit by introducing the quantity known as resistance R [35] Ohm's law: = / Power is defined as = so Ohm's law can be used to tell us the power of the circuit in terms of other quantities [36]
Faraday's law of induction makes use of the magnetic flux Φ B through a region of space enclosed by a wire loop. The magnetic flux is defined by a surface integral : [ 12 ] Φ B = ∫ Σ B ⋅ d A , {\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {B} }=\int _{\Sigma }\mathbf {B} \cdot d\mathbf {A} \,,} where d A is an element of the surface Σ enclosed by the ...