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Race-norming, more formally called within-group score conversion and score adjustment strategy, is the practice of adjusting test scores to account for the race or ethnicity of the test-taker. [1] In the United States, it was first implemented by the Federal Government in 1981 with little publicity, [ 2 ] and was subsequently outlawed by the ...
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP); State achievement tests are standardized tests.These may be required in American public schools for the schools to receive federal funding, according to the US Public Law 107-110 originally passed as Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, and currently authorized as Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015.
The 2nd Edition of the book was published in 1998, with responses to new developments in the field, such as The Bell Curve which suggested racial differences in IQ and intelligence between races. [4] Even more crucial than the examination of racist academic work was the book's work cataloging the work and triumphs of early Black psychologists.
The 2014 edition is the 7th edition of The Standards, and it shares the exact same names as the 1985 and 1999 editions. [3] Technical recommendations for psychological tests and diagnostic techniques: A preliminary proposal (1952) and Technical recommendations for psychological tests and diagnostic techniques (1954) editions were quite brief.
In 1923, in his book A study of American intelligence, Carl Brigham wrote that on the basis of the Yerkes army tests: "The decline in intelligence is due to two factors, the change in races migrating to this country, and to the additional factor of sending lower and lower representatives of each race." He concluded that: "The steps that should ...
The test most similar to the WRAT is the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT), another short, individually administered test which covers comparable material. In general the WRAT correlates very highly with the PIAT. The WRAT correlates moderately with various IQ tests, in the range of .40 to .70 for most groups and most tests.
Examiner subjectivity is minimized (see objectivity next). Major standardized tests are normed on large try-out samples in order to understand what constitutes high, low, and intermediate scores. Objectivity - Scoring such that subjective judgments and biases are minimized; scores are obtained in a similar manner for every test taker (see below).
Raw scores on the scales are transformed into a standardized metric known as T-scores (mean equals 50, standard deviation equals 10), making interpretation easier for clinicians. Test manufacturers and publishers ask test purchasers to prove they are qualified to purchase the MMPI/MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF and other tests. [73]