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The policy mix is the combination of a country's monetary policy and fiscal policy. These two channels influence features such as economic growth and employment, and are generally determined by the central bank and the government (e.g., the United States Congress ) respectively.
In macroeconomics, a monetary conditions index (MCI) is an index number calculated from a linear combination of a small number of economy-wide financial variables deemed relevant for monetary policy. These variables always include a short-run interest rate and an exchange rate .
A macroeconomic model is an analytical tool designed to describe the operation of the problems of economy of a country or a region. These models are usually designed to examine the comparative statics and dynamics of aggregate quantities such as the total amount of goods and services produced, total income earned, the level of employment of productive resources, and the level of prices.
A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the monetary policy of a country or monetary union. [1] In contrast to a commercial bank , a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base .
Monetary policy affects stock prices, leading to changes in Tobin's q (the market value of firms divided by the replacement cost of capital) and investment [9] Wealth effects; Monetary policy affects stock prices, which affects financial wealth and consumption (consumer spending on nondurable goods and services) [12] Uncertainty channel
An exchange rate regime is a way a monetary authority of a country or currency union manages the currency about other currencies and the foreign exchange market.It is closely related to monetary policy and the two are generally dependent on many of the same factors, such as economic scale and openness, inflation rate, the elasticity of the labor market, financial market development, and ...
Monetary policy is generally presumed to be the policy preserve of reserve banks, who target an interest rate. If control of the amount of base money in the economy is lost due failure by the reserve bank to meet the reserve requirements of the banking system, banks who are short of reserves will bid up the interest rate.
This arrangement is distinct from a monetary union (e.g., the Latin Monetary Union), which does not usually involve a common market. As with the economic and monetary union established among the 27 member states of the European Union (EU), an EMU may affect different parts of its jurisdiction in different ways. Some areas are subject to ...