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The policy mix is the combination of a country's monetary policy and fiscal policy. These two channels influence features such as economic growth and employment, and are generally determined by the central bank and the government (e.g., the United States Congress ) respectively.
In macroeconomics, a monetary conditions index (MCI) is an index number calculated from a linear combination of a small number of economy-wide financial variables deemed relevant for monetary policy. These variables always include a short-run interest rate and an exchange rate .
A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the monetary policy of a country or monetary union. [1] In contrast to a commercial bank , a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base .
Monetary policy affects stock prices, leading to changes in Tobin's q (the market value of firms divided by the replacement cost of capital) and investment [9] Wealth effects; Monetary policy affects stock prices, which affects financial wealth and consumption (consumer spending on nondurable goods and services) [12] Uncertainty channel
An exchange rate regime is a way a monetary authority of a country or currency union manages the currency about other currencies and the foreign exchange market.It is closely related to monetary policy and the two are generally dependent on many of the same factors, such as economic scale and openness, inflation rate, the elasticity of the labor market, financial market development, and ...
Planning can also take the form of indicative planning within a market-based economy, where the state employs market instruments to induce independent firms to achieve development goals. [ 5 ] A distinction can be made between physical planning (as in pure socialism) and financial planning (as practiced by governments and private firms in ...
U.S. Monetary base Base money of the Euro zone and money supplies M1, M2 and M3, and euro zone GDP from 1980–2021. Logarithmic scale. Open market operations are monetary policy tools which directly expand or contract the monetary base. The monetary base is manipulated during the conduct of monetary policy by a finance ministry or the central ...
United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade, and Technology; United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology; United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance and International Financial Institutions