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N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 2 CO) 2 NOH. It is a white solid that is used as a reagent for preparing active esters in peptide synthesis. It can be synthesized by heating succinic anhydride with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride. [2]
Disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) is a six-carbon lysine-reactive non-cleavable cross-linking agent.. It consists of functional groups It is a homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester formed by carbodiimide-activation of carboxylate molecules, with identical reactive groups at either end. [2]
Active esters are often used in peptide synthesis, e.g., N-hydroxysuccinimide, hydroxybenzotriazole. [1] Active esters of acrylic acid are precursors to polymers with reactive side chains. [4] The concept of active esters extends to esters of phosphoric and sulfuric acids. One such case is dimethylsulfate, a strong methylating agent.
Amine reactive: BS3 is amine-reactive in that its N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) esters at each end react specifically with primary amines to form stable amide bonds in a nucleophilic acyl substitution-type reaction in which the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide acts as the leaving group. [9]
The water solubility of sulfo-NHS-esters stems from their sulfonate group on the N-hydroxysuccinimide ring and eliminates the need to dissolve the reagent in an organic solvent. Sulfo-NHS-esters of biotin also can be used as cell surface biotinylation reagents, because they do not penetrate the cell membrane.
Nefkens and Tesser developed a technique for generating active esters from N-hydroxyphthalimide [14] for use in peptide synthesis, [15] an approach later extended to using N-hydroxysuccinimide. [16] The ester linkage is formed between the N-hydroxyphthalimide and a carboxylic acid by elimination of water, the coupling achieved with N,N ...
They are reactive with N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester group which helps attach a fluorescent dye to the primary amino group on the nucleotide. These nucleotides are known as 5-(3-amino allyl )-nucleotides since the aminoallyl group is usually attached to carbon 5 of the pyrimidine ring of uracil or cytosine .
Succinimides refers to compounds that contain the succinimide group. These compounds have some notable uses. Several succinimides are used as anticonvulsant drugs, including ethosuximide, phensuximide, and methsuximide.