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N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 2 CO) 2 NOH. It is a white solid that is used as a reagent for preparing active esters in peptide synthesis. It can be synthesized by heating succinic anhydride with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride. [2]
Common uses for this carbodiimide include peptide synthesis, protein crosslinking to nucleic acids, but also in the preparation of immunoconjugates. EDC is often used in combination with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for the immobilisation of large biomolecules. Recent work has also used EDC to assess the structure state of uracil nucleobases in RNA.
Aside from the acid chloride substrate, three reagents are required: diazomethane, water, and a metal catalyst. Each has been well investigated. The diazomethane is required in excess so as to react with the HCl formed previously. [2] Not taking diazomethane in excess results in HCl reacting with the diazoketone to form chloromethyl ketone and ...
In protein synthesis (such as Fmoc solid-state synthesizers), the N-terminus is often used as the attachment site on which the amino acid monomers are added. To enhance the electrophilicity of carboxylate group, the negatively charged oxygen must first be "activated" into a better leaving group. DCC is used for this purpose.
Chemical water analysis is carried out on water used in industrial processes, on waste-water stream, on rivers and stream, on rainfall and on the sea. [1] In all cases the results of the analysis provides information that can be used to make decisions or to provide re-assurance that conditions are as expected.
Trimethyl orthoformate is also an effective reagent for converting compatible carboxylic acids to their corresponding methyl esters. [5] Alternatively, acid-catalyzed esterifications with methanol can be driven closer to completion by employing trimethyl orthoformate to convert water byproduct to methanol and methyl formate .
Ecoinformatics – research dedicated to the development and dissemination of technological tools that facilitate analysis and synthesis in ecology. Conservation and Resource Management – research focused on areas such as conservation biology and the explicit application of science to natural resource management and policy decision making.
In micorarray experiments DNA or RNA is labeled with either Cy3 or Cy5 that has been synthesized to carry an N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (NHS-ester) reactive group. Since NHS-esters react readily only with aliphatic amine groups, which nucleic acids lack, nucleotides have to be modified with aminoallyl groups. This is done through incorporating ...