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The DVD format uses the 48 kHz sampling rate, and its doublings. In digital audio, 48,000 Hz (also represented as 48 kHz or DVD Quality) is a common sampling rate. It has become the standard for professional audio and video. 48 kHz is evenly divisible by 24, a common frame rate for media, such as film, unlike 44.1 kHz. [i]
The selection of the sample rate was based primarily on the need to reproduce the audible frequency range of 20–20,000 Hz (20 kHz). The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem states that a sampling rate of more than twice the maximum frequency of the signal to be recorded is needed, resulting in a required rate of greater than 40 kHz.
Sampling rate Use 8,000 Hz Telephone and encrypted walkie-talkie, wireless intercom and wireless microphone transmission; adequate for human speech but without sibilance (ess sounds like eff (/s/, /f/)). 11,025 Hz One quarter the sampling rate of audio CDs; used for lower-quality PCM, MPEG audio and for audio analysis of subwoofer bandpasses.
High-resolution audio (high-definition audio or HD audio) is a term for audio files with greater than 44.1 kHz sample rate or higher than 16-bit audio bit depth. It commonly refers to 96 or 192 kHz sample rates. However, 44.1 kHz/24-bit, 48 kHz/24-bit and 88.2 kHz/24-bit recordings also exist that are labeled HD audio.
The audio contained in a CD-DA consists of two-channel signed 16-bit LPCM sampled at 44,100 Hz and written as a little-endian interleaved stream with left channel coming first. The sampling rate is adapted from that attained when recording digital audio on videotape with a PCM adaptor, an earlier way of storing digital audio.
Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband audio (ITU-T G.722.2) RFC 4867 dynamic (or profile) AMR-WB+ audio 1, 2 or omit 72000 13.3–40 Extended Adaptive Multi Rate – WideBand audio RFC 4352 dynamic (or profile) vorbis audio (various) (various) Vorbis audio RFC 5215 dynamic (or profile) opus audio 1, 2 48000 [note 3] 2.5–60 20 Opus audio RFC 7587
ISO/IEC 13818-3 (MPEG-2 halved sample rate audio) in a packetized stream 5 0x05 ITU-T Rec. H.222 and ISO/IEC 13818-1 (MPEG-2 tabled data) privately defined 6 0x06 ITU-T Rec. H.222 and ISO/IEC 13818-1 (MPEG-2 packetized data) privately defined (i.e., DVB subtitles/VBI and AC-3) 7 0x07 ISO/IEC 13522 (MHEG) in a packetized stream 8 0x08
When is normalized with reference to the sampling rate as ′ =, the normalized Nyquist angular frequency is π radians/sample. The following table shows examples of normalized frequency for f = 1 {\displaystyle f=1} kHz , f s = 44100 {\displaystyle f_{s}=44100} samples/second (often denoted by 44.1 kHz ), and 4 normalization conventions: