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It was originally known as "HECKE and Manin". After a short while it was renamed SAGE, which stands for ‘’Software of Algebra and Geometry Experimentation’’. Sage 0.1 was released in 2005 and almost a year later Sage 1.0 was released. It already consisted of Pari, GAP, Singular and Maxima with an interface that rivals that of Mathematica.
Bronshtein and Semendyayev is a comprehensive handbook of fundamental working knowledge of mathematics and table of formulas based on the Russian book Справочник по математике для инженеров и учащихся втузов (Spravochnik po matematike dlya inzhenerov i uchashchikhsya vtuzov, literally: "Handbook of mathematics for engineers and students of ...
Mathematical tables are lists of numbers showing the results of a calculation with varying arguments.Trigonometric tables were used in ancient Greece and India for applications to astronomy and celestial navigation, and continued to be widely used until electronic calculators became cheap and plentiful in the 1970s, in order to simplify and drastically speed up computation.
[1] Topics introduced in the New Math include set theory, modular arithmetic, algebraic inequalities, bases other than 10, matrices, symbolic logic, Boolean algebra, and abstract algebra. [2] All of the New Math projects emphasized some form of discovery learning. [3] Students worked in groups to invent theories about problems posed in the ...
Al-Jabr (Arabic: الجبر), also known as The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing (Arabic: الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة, al-Kitāb al-Mukhtaṣar fī Ḥisāb al-Jabr wal-Muqābalah; [b] or Latin: Liber Algebræ et Almucabola), is an Arabic mathematical treatise on algebra written in Baghdad around 820 by the Persian polymath ...
In that case, a and b are π / 2 − φ 1,2 (that is, the, co-latitudes), C is the longitude separation λ 2 − λ 1, and c is the desired d / R . Noting that sin( π / 2 − φ) = cos(φ), the haversine formula immediately follows. To derive the law of haversines, one starts with the spherical law of cosines:
Provided the data are strictly positive, a better measure of relative accuracy can be obtained based on the log of the accuracy ratio: log(F t / A t) This measure is easier to analyze statistically and has valuable symmetry and unbiasedness properties.
The law of total probability extends to the case of conditioning on events generated by continuous random variables. Let (,,) be a probability space.Suppose is a random variable with distribution function , and an event on (,,).