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Fire loading in a building or compartment measures the potential severity of a hypothetical future fire. It represents the heat output per unit floor area, typically expressed in kJ/m², calculated based on the calorific value of the materials present.
Building occupancy classifications refer to categorizing structures based on their usage and are primarily used for building and fire code enforcement. They are usually defined by model building codes , and vary, somewhat, among them.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a U.S.-based international nonprofit organization devoted to eliminating death, injury, property, and economic loss due to fire, electrical, and related hazards.
However, they are seldom used as the actual basis of design or calculation. For example, residential ventilation rates are calculated based on area of the residence and number of occupants. [ 5 ] Non-residential ventilation rates are based on floor area and number of occupants, or a calculated dilution of known contaminants. [ 6 ]
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for an intended load.Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.
Within the context of building construction and building codes, occupancy is the use (actual or intended) of a building (or its portion) for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property. [1] A closely related meaning is the number of units in such a building that are rented, leased, or otherwise in use.
NIST NCSTAR 1-1D: Fire Protection and Life Safety Provisions Applied to the Design and Construction of World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7 and Post-Construction Provisions Applied after Occupancy; NIST NCSTAR 1-1E: Comparison of Codes, Standards, and Practices in Use at the Time of the Design and Construction of World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7
Egress and Occupant Movement (12.5%) Few countries outside the United States regulate the professional practice of fire protection engineering as a discipline, [citation needed] although they may restrict the use of the title 'engineer' in association with its practice.